CRYSTALSIM

initializing lattice

Upgrade to Crystal

Lesson 2 of 6·15 min read·+70 XP
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Same shape, better materials

Open the Chip Builder. You should still have your silicon transistor from Lesson 1 (if not, rebuild it — takes 60 seconds with Guided Build). We're going to upgrade three layers and re-run the same tests. Same architecture, different physics.

Key Concept
Gate-All-Around (GAA)
A gate geometry that wraps around the channel on all four sides instead of sitting only on top. More wrap = stronger field control = sharper switching. The leading commercial node (Samsung 3nm, TSMC N2) uses GAA.

Swap 1 — Silicon channel → GaN

Delete your Silicon Channel and drop a GaN Channel in its place. GaN's electron mobility is similar to silicon for unstrained devices but it has a 3.4 eV band gap (vs 1.1 eV for Si) — meaning higher breakdown voltage and much less leakage at small geometries.

Swap 2 — SiO₂ → PZT piezo gate

Delete the SiO₂ Gate Oxide. Drop a PZT Piezo Gate in its place. PZT is piezoelectric — it generates its own gate voltage from mechanical stress. We'll exploit that fully in Lesson 3 when we add EM coupling.

Add 3 — Gate-all-around wrapper

Add a GAA Wrapper component around the channel. This wraps the gate field around all four sides of the channel, dramatically improving subthreshold swing and turning the device into a modern-node-equivalent transistor.

Side-by-side speed test

Open the Test Lab and run Switching Speed on your crystal device. Then load the silicon template (Templates menu → 'Silicon Baseline') and run the same test. Compare the maximum switching frequency. The crystal device should win — by how much?

Checkpoint · +5 XP
Why does material choice change switching speed?

You just learned how to read a comparison result: same architecture, different materials, measurable delta. Next lesson: we wire up the EM antenna and gate this device wirelessly.

Lesson Summary
  • Take the silicon MOSFET from Lesson 1 and swap each layer for a crystal equivalent.
  • Silicon channel → GaN crystal channel.
  • SiO₂ gate oxide → PZT piezoelectric gate.
  • Add a gate-all-around (GAA) wrapper for tighter control.
  • Run the same switching speed test on both and compare.
Test Your Knowledge · +70 XP
1
What does GaN offer over silicon as a channel material?
2
What's special about PZT as a gate material?
3
What does 'Gate-All-Around' mean?
4
Which test measures how fast a transistor can turn on and off?
5
Why do we keep the same architecture when comparing silicon vs crystal?